The Ulimate Core Workout

You won't get ripped abs, better performance, or bigger lifts without solid core strength.

Special thanks to  Keith Scott, A.T.C., C.S.C.S.

Believe it or not, you can build rock-solid core strength without standing one-legged on a ball while pressing pink dumbbells. A century or so ago, practically every guy who trained with weights had a strong core, which he got without using New Age equipment, doing hundreds of crunches, or joining a Pilates class. It's time you learned the truth about what the core is and how it should be trained for health, performance, and eye-popping abs.

Core Concepts
Though commonly used to refer to the abs and lower-back muscles collectively (considered the epicenter of the body ), the term "core" actually applies to several muscles throughout the upper and lower body. The transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis (your six-pack muscle), internal obliques, multifidus, spinal erectors, lats, glutes, and traps can be considered core muscles.

All work together, often simultaneously, to stabilize and support the spine. Since the spinal cord is the main avenue for sending messages to the muscles throughout your body, the safer your body senses that it is, the more comfortable it feels sending those messages out and the more clearly they are received.

Building a strong core is the first step toward making maximal gains in strength and power and performing any kind of skilled athletic movement. Strong supporting muscles around the spine also reduce lower-back pain, as well as the risk for lower-back injury. Finally, since the core encompasses all the abdominal muscles that make up that aesthetic six-pack look, it's the foundation of a ripped midsection (though you may need to clean up your diet to see it).

Nevertheless, a well-defined set of abs does not mean a strong core. So how can you tell if your core is in shape? One of the most basic, easy, and effective methods to test core strength is the plank. If you've ever taken a yoga class (or listened to your lady talk about one), this move should be familiar. Simply get down on your hands and knees as if you were about to perform a pushup, then bend your elbows 90 degrees so that you're resting your forearms flat on the floor.

Keep your eyes focused on the floor and your hips braced—your body should form one straight line. Hold the position for as long as you can. (As time elapses, you'll feel all the above-mentioned core muscles squeezing.) If you can hold the plank for two minutes or more without breaking form or experiencing pain, your core is reasonably strong. If you can only hold the plank for between one and two minutes, practice it whenever you get a chance and work to improve it over time. Also, limit the loads you use in your training, and concentrate more on body-weight exercises.

Start using more one-legged exercises in your workouts, and concentrate on keeping perfect form throughout. Do not attempt any heavy lifts until your plank time improves drastically.

Beware: If your core is weak, you not only severely compromise the amount of strength and muscle you can build in your workouts, but you also risk serious injury lifting heavy weights or doing any exercise that loads the lower back.Take our core training tips seriously, and you'll ensure safe and steady progress for as long as you train.

Hard Core Training
When trainers test their clients' core strength, the ones who perform best are almost always the strongest squatters and deadlifters. This is not by accident. Squats and deadlifts—but also shoulder presses, chinups, lunges, and a host of other compound, free-weight exercises (some of which are discussed later)—demand that the core muscles clamp down hard to support the spine under heavy loads. The core keeps your back upright whenever there's a bar resting on it or being pressed overhead, and it prevents your spine from rotating when you have a load pulling you to one side (as in a dumbbell lunge or one-armed press).

So, in essence, just performing these exercises alone provides a great core workout. Though neither a Swiss or Bosu ball is absolutely necessary for a fully developed core, each can be a highly useful tool that you can work in as a supplement to your main lifts. If you have a pre-existing lower-back problem, a Swiss ball might allow you to train your abs without aggravating it. The ball also allows you to move through a greater range of motion than a crunch done on the floor would. Furthermore, you can perform certain upper-body exercises on it, such as chest presses, which will fire up the core and prepare you for stronger benching when you return to the conventional bench press.

Bosu balls work in much the same way but have a fl at side that makes stabilizing yourself a bit easier. The problem and danger of training your core with either piece of equipment comes when you overdo it (and most people do). Doing crunches only on a Swiss ball overdevelops some of your core muscles while neglecting others, leading to a slew of imbalances that can cause injury and pain. Training with the compound movements described earlier eliminates this risk, as your entire core is trained evenly. (You also get the added benefit of training your other major muscle groups, making the most of your workout time.)

Certainly the most ridiculous trend in core training, and abuse of its equipment, has been the notion that you should perform all your exercises on the Bosu ball. The theory behind this is that your core will work harder as your body struggles to balance itself on top of the ball. While this kind of training does make any movement more difficult to perform, it prevents you from using anything approximating a heavy weight, so your muscles go unchallenged.

You won't build any muscle or strength this way, and your core will never be conditioned to handle the stresses of tough workouts or sports. Unless you're training to improve your performance during an earthquake, exercising on an unstable surface offers no real advantages.Ultimately, doing so will leave you weaker and more at risk for injury. To truly tax your core, keep your feet on a stable surface, and train with time-proven simple exercises such as those given here.

All The Right Moves
Situps are fine, but these are the core exercises you really ought to be doing.

A steady regimen of multi-joint, freeweight exercises like the squat and deadlift should build your core along with the rest of your body, but these supplemental core exercises are what you need to truly pass the plank test. Learn them all and cycle them in and out of your workouts from now on.

A1, A2 PLATE RAISES
Stand with knees slightly bent and hold a weight plate in front of your hips. Keeping your arms straight, slowly raise the plate in front of you until it's at shoulder level, and then lower it back down. That's one rep. Perform 2 - 3 sets of 8 - 12 reps, resting 60 - 90 seconds between sets. Make sure you keep perfect posture—shoulders back and chest out—the entire time.

B1, B2 ONE-LEGGED DUMBBELL ROWS
Hold a dumbbell in one hand and stand on the opposite leg. Keeping your lower back in its natural arch, bend forward at the hips until your torso is about 45 degrees to the floor. Row the weight to the outside of your chest, and lower it back down. That's one rep. Perform 2 - 3 sets of 8 - 12 reps on each side, resting 60 - 90 seconds between sets.

C1, C2 SUITCASE SQUATS
Hold a dumbbell in one hand at your side and squat as low as you can, as if you were putting down a suitcase. Perform 2 - 3 sets of 8 - 12 reps on each side, resting 60 - 90 seconds between sets.

BONUS EXTRA

OVERHEAD SQUATS AND LUNGES
You can do these with either a barbell or dumbbells. Simply hold the weight at arm's length overhead and squat or lunge. Perform 2 - 3 sets of 8 - 12 reps, resting 60 - 90 seconds between sets.

ONE-LEGGED SQUATS
Raise one leg out in front of you and squat as low as you can. Perform 2 - 3 sets of 8 - 12 reps on each leg, resting 60 - 90 seconds between sets.

Warming-Up and Stretching

Stretching is not the same as a warm-up. Many individuals stretch in a misguided attempt to warm-up; however, stretching and warm-up should be considered distinctly different activities. A warm-up prepares the body for the activity that is to follow. The two types of warm-up are general and activity specific. Physiologic changes that occur during warm-up include increases in muscle temperature, blood flow, oxygen delivery to the muscles, and skeletal muscle metabolism. Warm-up benefits include injury prevention and an improvement in performance. A warm-up should always precede any physical activity whether it be stretching, exercise, sports, or mission-related training Cold muscles don't stretch, and there is a high chance of injury when stretching is performed without first warming up. Stretching (especially dynamic stretching) may be part of (or follow) a warm-up, but should not exclusively comprise the warm-up. Stretch only after an adequate warm-up has been performed
	General Warm-Up
	General (or unrelated) warm-up involves movements (e.g., running in place, jumping jacks, and other calisthenics) that are different from, or unrelated to, the specific activity that is to follow. This type of warm-up should be performed prior to high-intensity activities (e.g., O-Course, power-lifting, “burn-out PT,” gymnastics, etc.) when immediate participation in the actual activity is likely to result in joint or muscle injuries. Activity-Specific Warm-Up
	Activity-specific (or related) warm-up occurs with a low-intensity version of the activity that is to follow. Examples of activity-specific warm-up include a slow jog prior to a long run; slow cycling in preparation for a cycling event; or slow karate moves prior to practice. A related warm-up starts out slowly and progresses to more intense activity. Depending on the intensity of exercise to be performed, a warm-up of anywhere between  10-30 minutes may be required--the greater the intensity of the workout, the longer the warm-up. All warm-ups should be of sufficient intensity to elevate body temperature; sweating is a good indication that you are ready to move on to the next phase of your workout Both general and activity-specific warm-ups may incorporate some type of stretching, especially if the activity to be performed is one of high intensity and imposes a good chance of acute injury. After a short period of warming-up, some pre-exercise stretching should be done. If time is limited, the pre-exercise stretch can be eliminated but a static stretching program should follow every exercise session. Exercise should not be ended abruptly, but gradually slowed, to avoid pooling of blood in the skeletal muscles, and to facilitate the removal of metabolic end products. Exercise should be followed by a cool- down and stretching session. Since most of the benefits from stretching occur post-exercise, a 10-15 minute stretching program should follow every exercise session, and should be incorporated as part of the warm-down while the muscles are still warm. Stretches should be slow and static, held for 15-30 seconds, and taken to the point of tightness, not pain. Static stretching provides a good warm-down after a workout, reduces post-workout muscle fatigue and soreness, and is useful for relieving muscle spasms that occur as a result of exercise. Once muscles have been stretched, standing in cool/cold water, or running cool water over the legs or muscles used during the exercise, can also reduce soreness, and seems to speed recovery between exercise bouts. DYNAMIC STRETCHING is defined as "actively moving a joint through the range of motion required for a sport". STATIC STRETCHING refers to holding a stretch with no movement